Cases and Declension: The Medial Voice

Hey!

In the last posts we were presented to the active voice, i.e., when the subject acts.

John głasut rompote.
 → John broke a glass.

Inu bolat gerite.
 → The dog caught the ball.

[Mi] Gi ongaut ojukenu.
 → I can listen good music.

[Ti] Ekranot togukenjed.
 → you can touch the screen.

Bog panot laj.
 → God sees everything.

Also we have found how to deal with sentences in the passive voice.

Głasu John-kar rompoteri.
 → The glass was broken by John

Bola inukar geriteri.
 → The ball was caught by the dog

Gi ongau miker ojukeneri.
 → Good music can be listened by me

Ekran tiker togukeneri.
 → The screen can be touched by you

Pan Bogkar laji.
 → Everything is being seen by God

For the passive voice, three things were necessary:

1. Move the object to the subject place (i.e., transform the object into the subject of the sentence);
2. Move the subject to the agent of the passive (and unhiding it if needed as we had seen, when dealing with implied subject); and
3. Mark the verb accordingly.

The Medial Voice serves to describe certain actions whose effects falls upon the subject and the object, either when subject and object are the same (reflexive) or when they are in both stances simutaneously (reciprocal).

It's more related to some certain verbs, such as dakasoda "hug", kisada "kiss", heda "talk" etc.

Reflexive: use the special verb form, with no object. Emphasis can be done with the dative form of eis "himself, herself, itself" (eisker).

Asszeberer
 → [He] shaves itself.

Eisker asszeberer
 → [He] shaves itself. 

Głasu rompoterer.
 → The glass broke.   (might be by an unknown actor or for some misfortune, etc)

Głasu eisker rompoterer.
 → The glass broke

Reciprocal: use the special verb form, placing both subject and object together in nominative. Emphasis can be made by using the dative form of eisim "themselves" (eisimker)

Markus i Julia hejer.
 → Markus and Julia talk to each other.

Markus i Julia eisimker hejer.
 → Markus and Julia talk to each other.

Declension table of eis "himself, herself, itself":

Cases	Singular	Dual	Plural
nom.	eis	eisler	eisim
acc.	eist	eislert	eisimet
gen.	eisen	eisleren	eisimen
dat.	eisnek	eislernek	eisimnek
abl.	eisker	eislerker	eisimker
loc.	eisni	eislerni	eisimni
instr.	eisve	eislerve	eisimve
part.	eisno	eislerno	eisimno
abe.	eisle	eislerle	eisimle
comit.	eisto	eislerto	eisimto

Posession

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
mi	eisem	eislerem	eiseim
ti	eised	eislered	eiseid
on	eisje	eislerje	eiseije
biz	eisenk	eislerenk	eiseink
tiz	eisitek	eislertek	eiseitek
onk	eisjuk	eislerjuk	eiseijuk

Well, it's all for now. Bye (: